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| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Violante, Guilherme Martins | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-09-12T12:41:14Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2025-09-12T12:41:14Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2024-07-14 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | VIOLANTE, Guilherme Martins. Biodiversidade na cidade: efeitos das características locais e da paisagem sobre comunidades de formigas em praças do Rio de Janeiro. 2024. 65p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia Animal) -Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2024. | pt_BR |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/23174 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | A urbanização é uma das principais ameaças à biodiversidade, causando mudanças no ambiente que facilitam a entrada de espécies exóticas e a perda de biodiversidade e de serviços ecossistêmicos. No entanto, as cidades também podem abrigar uma grande biodiversidade, principalmente através dos espaços verdes urbanos como praças. As formigas são organismos importantes, pois desempenham vários papéis ecológicos e também podem ser usadas para monitorar as mudanças na biodiversidade provocadas pelas ações antrópicas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar como as características locais das praças (e.g. cobertura do dossel) e também da paisagem na qual as praças estão inseridas (e.g. cobertura florestal) afetam: (1) a comunidade de formigas nativas, (2) diferentes grupos funcionais de formigas nativas (e.g. cultivadoras de fungos), (3) a comunidade de formigas exóticas e (4) algumas espécies individuais de formigas exóticas (e.g. Pheidole megacephala). O estudo foi realizado em 30 praças, em cada praça foram estabelecidas 15 estações de coleta onde foram colocadas iscas de sardinha no solo e no tronco da árvore para coletar as formigas. Foi calculada a quantidade e configuração da floresta nas 30 paisagens nas quais as praças estavam inseridas. Para cada praça foi obtida a média da cobertura do dossel e do diâmetro de árvores e também foi contabilizada a densidade de lixeiras. Além disso, cada praça foi categorizada de acordo com o grau de impermeabilização do solo e teve sua temperatura do ar medida durante a amostragem das formigas. Foram identificadas 87 espécies, sendo oito exóticas. As praças com maior ocorrência da formiga exótica P. megacephala tiveram menor ocorrência de formigas nativas e das outras espécies exóticas. A ocorrência de P. megacephala também afetou também afetou negativamente a riqueza e ocorrência dos grupos funcionais onívoras de serrapilheira e necrófagos, arborícolas onívoras e dominantes de solo ou serrapilheira. Quanto maior o grau de impermeabilização do solo das praças, menor a riqueza de formigas nativas e de formigas onívoras de serrapilheira e necrófagas, e maior a ocorrência de P. megacephala. A riqueza e ocorrência de predadoras generalistas foi maior em praças com árvores de maior diâmetro e a riqueza e ocorrência de arborícolas predadoras foi maior em praças com maior densidade de lixeiras. O tamanho das praças afetou negativamente a riqueza e ocorrência de todas as exóticas. A composição de espécies de formigas diferiu entre praças com maior e menor ocorrência de P. megacephala e com diferentes graus de impermeabilização do solo. As características da paisagem não se mostraram importantes para explicar a variação na riqueza e ocorrência de formigas nativas. Esses resultados sugerem que estratégias simples como aumentar a cobertura do dossel e da permeabilidade do solo nas praças urbanas podem contribuir para a conservação da diversidade de formigas nativas. Também sugerem que para a conservação de formigas nativas em praças urbanas é importante mitigar os efeitos negativos causados por espécies exóticas. | pt_BR |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES | pt_BR |
| dc.language | por | pt_BR |
| dc.publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro | pt_BR |
| dc.subject | biodiversidade | pt_BR |
| dc.subject | espaços verdes urbanos | pt_BR |
| dc.subject | formicidae | pt_BR |
| dc.title | Biodiversidade na cidade: efeitos das características locais e da paisagem sobre comunidades de formigas em praças do Rio de Janeiro. | pt_BR |
| dc.title.alternative | Biodiversity in the city: effects of local characteristics and landscape on ant communities in squares of Rio de Janeiro. | en |
| dc.type | Dissertação | pt_BR |
| dc.description.abstractOther | Urbanization is one of the main threats to biodiversity, causing environmental changes that facilitate the entry of exotic species and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, cities can also harbor a great biodiversity, primarily through urban green spaces such as squares. Ants are important organisms, as they play various ecological roles and can also be used to monitor biodiversity changes caused by human activities. The aim of this study was to assess how the local characteristics of squares (e.g., canopy cover) and the landscape in which the squares are situated (e.g., forest cover) affect: (1) the native ant community, (2) different functional groups of native ants (e.g., fungus cultivators), (3) the exotic ant community, and (4) individual exotic ant species (e.g., Pheidole megacephala). The study was conducted in 30 squares, with 15 collection stations established in each square where sardine baits were placed on the ground and on tree trunks to collect ants. The quantity and configuration of forest cover were calculated for the 30 landscapes in which the squares were situated. For each square, the mean canopy cover and tree diameter were obtained, and the density of trash bins was also recorded. Additionally, each square was categorized according to the degree of impervious surface, and air temperature was measured during ant sampling. Eighty-seven species were identified, eight of which were exotic. Squares with a higher occurrence of the exotic ant P. megacephala had lower occurrences of native ants and other exotic species. The occurrence of nP. megacephala also negatively affected the richness and occurrence of the functional groups of omnivorous litter and scavengers, omnivorous arboreal ants, and soil or litter dominant ants. The higher the degree of impervious surface in squares, the lower the richness of native ants and omnivorous litter and scavengers ants, and the higher the occurrence of P. megacephala. The richness and occurrence of generalist predators were higher in squares with larger tree diameters, and the richness and occurrence of arboreal predators were higher in squares with higher trash bin densities. Square size negatively affected the richness and occurrence of all exotic ants. The landscape characteristics were not important in explaining the variation in the richness and occurrence of native ants. The species composition of ants differed between squares with higher and lower occurrences of P. megacephala and with different degrees of impervious surface. These results suggest that simple strategies such as increasing canopy cover and soil permeability in urban squares can contribute to the conservation of native ant diversity. They also suggest that for the conservation of native ants in urban squares, it is important to mitigate the negative effects caused by exotic species. | en |
| dc.contributor.advisor1 | Queiroz, Jarbas Marçal de | - |
| dc.contributor.advisor1ID | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-1834 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/3716769685247180 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.advisor-co1 | Lira, Paula Koeler | - |
| dc.contributor.advisor-co1ID | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4254-1054 País de Nacionalidade Brasil | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/7619229846071918 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee1 | Queiroz, Jarbas Marcal de | - |
| dc.contributor.referee1ID | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-1834 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee1Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/3716769685247180 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee2 | Dias, André Tavares Corrêa | - |
| dc.contributor.referee2ID | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8847-5753 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee2Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/8112542881684486 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee3 | Vasconcelos, Heraldo Luis de | - |
| dc.contributor.referee3Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/1962867485120733 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee4 | Prevedello, Jayme Augusto | - |
| dc.contributor.referee4ID | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-2337 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee4Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/7678496109580941 | pt_BR |
| dc.creator.ID | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-4765 | pt_BR |
| dc.creator.Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/7521886150650688 | pt_BR |
| dc.publisher.country | Brasil | pt_BR |
| dc.publisher.department | Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Da Saúde | pt_BR |
| dc.publisher.initials | UFRRJ | pt_BR |
| dc.publisher.program | Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração | pt_BR |
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Habitat and species identity, not diversity, predict the extent of refuse consumption by urban arthropods. Global Change Biology, v. 21, n. 3, p. 1103–1115, 2015. ZITER, C. D. et al. Scale-dependent interactions between tree canopy cover and impervious surfaces reduce daytime urban heat during summer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 116, n. 15, p. 7575–7580, 2019. | pt_BR |
| dc.subject.cnpq | Biologia Geral | pt_BR |
| Appears in Collections: | Mestrado em Biologia Animal | |
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